

Braille printers provide "hard copy" output for blind users. Braille displays can be read quickly by those with advanced Braille skills, are good for detailed editing (e.g., programming, final editing of papers), and do not disrupt others in work areas because they are quiet. Refreshable Braille displays allow line-by-line translation of screen text into Braille on a display area where vertical pins move into Braille configurations as screen text is scanned. The availability of earphones for individuals using speech output systems can reduce the distractions for others nearby.

Special software programs (called screen readers) "read" computer screens, and speech synthesizers "speak" the text. Speech output systems can be used to read screen text to computer users who are blind. Braille key labels can assist with keyboard use. Most individuals who are blind use standard keyboards however, Braille input devices are available. Fortunately, specialized hardware and software can make computer systems usable by individuals who are blind. Individuals who are blind cannot access visual material presented on the computer screen or in printed materials.
